Specialty Peptides

MOTS-c

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MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide consisting of 16 amino acids. This research compound is studied for its role in metabolic regulation and cellular energy pathways.

Purity

99%+

Size

10mg

COA Available

Lab Verified

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For Research Use Only (RUO)

This product is intended for in-vitro research applications only. Not for human or animal consumption, cosmetic use, or as a dietary supplement. All customers must be at least 21 years of age. It is the researcher's responsibility to handle materials in accordance with their institution's safety protocols and all applicable laws.

Specifications

Molecular Weight2,174.45 Da

Sequence16 Amino Acids

AppearanceWhite lyophilized powder

StorageStore at -20°C

SolubilitySoluble in sterile water

Certificate of Analysis

Each batch of MOTS-c undergoes rigorous third-party testing to ensure purity and identity verification. Download your COA instantly.

HPLC Purity Analysis

Mass Spectrometry Verification

Lot-Specific Documentation

Extended Research Applications & Mechanisms

Overview

MOTS-c is a 16-amino acid peptide encoded within the 12S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome. Discovered in 2015, this mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) represents a novel class of signaling molecules that communicate mitochondrial status to the nucleus and peripheral tissues. MOTS-c is utilized in laboratory research to investigate mitochondrial retrograde signaling, metabolic regulation, and the mitochondria-nuclear communication axis. All discussion herein is limited to experimental research contexts and does not imply applied, therapeutic, or physiological use.

Biochemical Characteristics

Sequence: Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg

Molecular Formula: C₁₀₁H₁₅₂N₂₈O₂₂S₂

Molecular Weight: 2174.64 g/mol

CAS Number: 1627580-64-6

MOTS-c is translated from an alternative open reading frame within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. The peptide contains two methionine residues and multiple aromatic amino acids contributing to its biological activity in experimental models.

Research Applications

MOTS-c is employed in laboratory research to study mitochondrial-nuclear communication and metabolic homeostasis. Common experimental applications include insulin sensitivity assays, glucose uptake studies, and mitochondrial function assessments. Research protocols utilize MOTS-c to investigate the role of mitochondrial-derived peptides in exercise physiology, aging, and metabolic disease models, representing a paradigm shift in understanding mitochondrial function beyond energy production.

Pathway / Mechanistic Context

Mechanistically, MOTS-c activates AMPK through modulation of the cellular AMP/ATP ratio, triggering downstream metabolic responses including enhanced glucose uptake via GLUT4 translocation and increased fatty acid oxidation through ACC phosphorylation. Uniquely, MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus under metabolic stress, where it regulates gene expression through interaction with transcription factors and chromatin remodeling complexes. This nuclear function represents a novel mitochondria-to-nucleus signaling pathway distinct from classical retrograde signaling.

Preclinical Research Summary

Preclinical investigations of MOTS-c include in-vitro metabolic assays and in-vivo animal models evaluating glucose homeostasis and exercise performance. Reported findings include improved insulin sensitivity, enhanced exercise capacity, and protection against diet-induced obesity. Animal studies further explore age-related changes in MOTS-c levels, demonstrating declining expression with age and potential restoration through exercise. All findings are interpreted strictly within the context of laboratory research models.

Form & Analytical Testing

MOTS-c is supplied as a synthetic research-grade lyophilized peptide. Identity and purity are confirmed through analytical methodologies including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). Batch-specific documentation includes certificate of analysis data supporting molecular identity and purity metrics ≥98%.

Mechanisms of Action

AMPK Activation - Directly and indirectly activates the cellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase

Metabolic Regulation - Enhances glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation through GLUT4 translocation

Mitochondrial Function - Improves mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation efficiency

Nuclear Translocation - Translocates to nucleus to regulate gene expression programs related to metabolism

Research Applications

1Metabolic & Diabetes Research

Primary research focus on metabolic regulation and glucose homeostasis.

Key Research Findings

Improves insulin sensitivity by 30-50% in research models
Enhances glucose uptake in skeletal muscle through GLUT4
Reduces diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction
Activates AMPK to promote metabolic flexibility

2Mitochondrial Biology Research

Studies on mitochondrial function and retrograde signaling.

Key Research Findings

Represents novel mitochondrial-derived peptide class
Translocates to nucleus under metabolic stress
Improves mitochondrial oxidative capacity
Modulates mitochondria-nuclear communication

3Exercise & Aging Research

Investigation of physical performance and age-related decline.

Key Research Findings

Enhances exercise capacity in research models
Levels decline with aging in multiple tissues
Exercise increases endogenous MOTS-c expression
Potential role in exercise-induced metabolic benefits

Supporting Research & Bibliography

The following peer-reviewed publications support the research applications described above. References are provided for informational purposes to assist researchers in their literature review.

The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance

Lee C, Zeng J, Drew BG, et al.

Cell Metabolism2015;21:443-454DOI PubMed

The mitochondrial-encoded peptide MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus to regulate nuclear gene expression in response to metabolic stress

Kim KH, Son JM, Benayoun BA, et al.

Cell Metabolism2018;28:516-524DOI PubMed

MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis

Reynolds JC, Lai RW, Woodhead JST, et al.

Nature Communications2021;12:470DOI PubMed

A pro-diabetogenic mtDNA polymorphism in the mitochondrial-derived peptide, MOTS-c

Zempo H, Kim SJ, Fuku N, et al.

Aging2021;13:1692-1717DOI PubMed

Total references: 4

Note: The information provided is for research reference only. All research applications are based on in-vitro and animal studies. This product is intended for laboratory research purposes only. Not for human or veterinary use.

Research Use Only: This product is intended for laboratory research purposes only. Not for human or veterinary use. By purchasing, you confirm that you are a qualified researcher and will use this product in accordance with all applicable regulations.

MOTS-c

Specifications

Certificate of Analysis

Extended Research Applications & Mechanisms

Overview

Biochemical Characteristics

Research Applications

Pathway / Mechanistic Context

Preclinical Research Summary

Form & Analytical Testing

Mechanisms of Action

Research Applications

1Metabolic & Diabetes Research

Key Research Findings

2Mitochondrial Biology Research

Key Research Findings

3Exercise & Aging Research

Key Research Findings

Supporting Research & Bibliography

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